Operators in Python

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Operators

In Python, operators are special symbols that perform specific operations on values and variables.

Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are symbols used to perform basic mathematical operations on numerical values. These operations include addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, modulus, floor division, and exponentiation.

Operator Description Example
+ Addition x + y
- Subtraction x - y
* Multiplication x * y
/ Division x / y
% Modulus x % y
** Exponentiation x ** y
// Floor Division x // y

Comparison Operators

Comparison operators are used to compare two values and return a Boolean value (True or False). They are essential for making decisions and controlling the flow of your program

Operator Description Example
== Equal to x == y
!= Not equal to x != y
> Greater than x > y
< Less than x < y
>= Greater than or equal to x >= y
<= Less than or equal to x <= y

Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables

Operator Description Example
= Assign value x = y
+= Add and assign x += y
-= Subtract and assign x -= y
*= Multiply and assign x *= y
/= Divide and assign x /= y
%= Modulus and assign x %= y
**= Exponentiate and assign x **= y
//= Floor divide and assign x //= y

Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to combine conditional statements and return a Boolean value (True or False). They are essential for making decisions and controlling the flow of your program.

Operator Description Example
and Logical AND x and y
or Logical OR x or y
not Logical NOT not x

Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators work on bits of an integer. They are used to manipulate individual bits within a binary representation of a number.

Operator Description Example
& Bitwise AND x & y
| Bitwise OR x | y
^ Bitwise XOR x ^ y
~ Bitwise NOT ~x
<< Left shift x << y
>> Right shift x >> y

Identity Operators

Identity operators are used to compare the objects, not if they are equal, but if they are actually the same object, with the same memory location.

Operator Description Example
is Returns True if both variables   refer to the same object x is y
is not Returns True if both variables do not refer to the same object x is not y

Membership Operators

Membership operators are used to test whether a value or variable is found in a sequence (such as a string, list, tuple, set, or dictionary).

Operator Description Example
in Returns True if a value is present in a sequence x in y
not in Returns True if a value is not present in a sequence x not in y
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